Course Content
A. Inference
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A.01. Use actions and dialogue to identify and understand character traits and motivations.
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A.02. Draw inferences and conclusions based on textual evidence.
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A.03. Make logical predictions about future events in a story based on current information.
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A.04. Compare and contrast different characters within a single text.
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A.05. Analyze the impact of subtle clues and hints on overall story development.
B. Story Elements
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B.01. Recognize and name the key components of a story (characters, setting, plot, conflict, resolution).
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B.02. Identify the main problem or conflict in a story.
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B.03. Describe how the setting influences the events and characters in a story.
C. Author’s Purpose
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C.01. Recognize the author’s intent, such as to inform, persuade, entertain, or describe.
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C.02. Explain the difference between persuasive, informative, and entertaining texts.
D. Text Structure
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D.01. Identify common text structures such as sequence, description, cause and effect, problem and solution, and compare and contrast.
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D.02. Determine the logical sequence of events in informational texts and narratives.
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D.03. Match causes to their corresponding effects as presented in a text.
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D.04. Identify problems and their proposed solutions within a given text.
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D.05. Compare and contrast different pieces of information presented in informational texts.
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D.06. Explain how text structure supports the author’s purpose.
E. Main Idea
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E.01. Identify key details within a text.
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E.02. Use key details to determine the stated or implied main idea.
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E.03. Determine the overarching main idea of a passage.
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E.04. Synthesize and combine main ideas from multiple texts on the same topic.
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E.05. Summarise a passage, identifying the main idea and supporting details.
F. Sensory Details
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F.01. Recognize and identify sensory details (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) within a text.
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F.02. Explain how sensory details enhance a reader’s understanding and experience of a text.
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F.03. Sort sensory details into their corresponding senses.
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F.04. Analyze the effect of sensory language on the mood and tone of a piece of writing.
G. Visual Elements
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G.01. Interpret the messages and meanings conveyed through illustrations, photographs, and other visual elements.
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G.02. Explain how visual elements complement and enhance the text.
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G.03. Compare and contrast different mythological illustrations.
H. Literary Devices
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H.01. Recognize and identify similes and metaphors within a text.
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H.02. Explain the meaning of similes and metaphors used in context.
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H.03. Analyse the effects of figures of speech, including similes and metaphors, on the meaning and tone of a text.
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H.04. Identify examples of personification and hyperbole in literature.
I. Point of View
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I.01. Distinguish between different points of view (first-person, second-person, third-person limited, third-person omniscient).
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I.02. Analyse how point of view affects the reader’s understanding of the characters and events.
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I.03. Explain the impact of shifting point of view within a narrative.
J. Theme
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J.01. Determine the recurring themes or central messages in myths, fables, and folktales.
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J.02. Compare and contrast the themes of different stories within the same genre.
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J.03. Explain how character actions and plot events contribute to the development of a theme.
K. Literary Texts: Level 1
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K.01. Engage with fantasy stories that include illustrations, understanding basic plot and character development.
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K.02. Engage with realistic fiction stories that include illustrations, understanding basic plot and character development.
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K.03. Engage with science fiction stories that include illustrations, understanding basic plot and character development.
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K.04. Discuss the role of illustrations in enhancing the meaning of these texts.
L. Literary Texts: Level 2
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L.01. Read and comprehend realistic fiction, identifying key plot elements and character motivations.
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L.02. Read and comprehend historical fiction, understanding the historical context and its impact on the story.
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L.03. Read and interpret poetry, identifying poetic devices and themes.
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L.04. Read and understand drama, recognizing character roles and stage directions.
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L.05. Compare and contrast themes and styles across different literary genres.
M. Informational Texts: Level 1
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M.01. Read and extract information from texts about animals.
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M.02. Read and extract information from texts about art, music, and traditions.
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M.03. Read and extract information from texts about famous places.
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M.04. Read and extract information from texts about sports and hobbies.
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M.05. Synthesize information from multiple sources on a single topic.
N. Informational Texts: Level 2
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N.01. Read and comprehend texts about famous people, identifying key achievements and contributions.
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N.02. Read and comprehend texts about business and technology, understanding basic concepts and developments.
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N.03. Read and comprehend texts about science and nature, extracting factual information and understanding scientific principles.
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N.04. Read and comprehend texts about history, understanding historical events and their significance.
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N.05. Evaluate the credibility and accuracy of information presented in informational texts.
O. Organising Writing
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O.01. Arrange sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.
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O.02. Order items from most general to most specific to create effective outlines.
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O.03. Organise information by topic to create well-structured essays.
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O.04. Identify and remove sentences that do not belong in a given paragraph.
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O.05. Develop outlines and graphic organizers to plan and structure writing.
P. Linking Words
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P.01. Recognize and identify time-order words (e.g., first, then, next, finally).
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P.02. Use coordinating conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so) to combine related ideas.
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P.03. Use subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if, when) to show relationships between clauses.
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P.04. Choose the most appropriate transition word or phrase to connect ideas smoothly.
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P.05. Explain how linking words enhance the coherence and flow of writing.
Q. Introductions and Conclusions
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Q.01. Select the best topic sentence that clearly introduces the main idea of a paragraph.
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Q.02. Select the best concluding sentence that effectively summarizes the main points of a paragraph.
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Q.03. Write effective opening hooks to engage the reader’s interest.
R. Developing and Supporting Arguments
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R.01. Differentiate between statements of fact and statements of opinion.
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R.02. Identify an author’s main statement of opinion or claim.
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R.03. Choose relevant and logical reasons to support an opinion.
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R.04. Identify supporting details in literary texts that support a claim.
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R.05. Identify supporting details in informational texts that support a claim.
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R.06. Recognize and avoid plagiarism by properly citing sources.
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R.07. Evaluate the strength and validity of evidence used to support arguments.
S. Descriptive Details
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S.01. Use vivid language to show character emotions and traits through writing.
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S.02. Revise sentences by replacing weak verbs with stronger, more descriptive verbs.
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S.03. Incorporate descriptive language to create a clear mental image for the reader.
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S.04. Explain how descriptive details contribute to the overall tone and mood of a piece of writing.
T. Prefixes and Suffixes
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T.01. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes within a given word.
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T.02. Determine the meaning of a word with the prefixes pre-, re-, or mis-.
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T.03. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis- correctly in writing.
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T.04. Determine the meaning of a word with the suffixes -ful or -less.
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T.05. Determine the meaning of a word with the suffixes -ly or -ness.
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T.06. Determine the meaning of a word with the suffixes -able or -ment.
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T.07. Review and consolidate understanding of word building with suffixes.
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T.08. Review and consolidate understanding of word building with prefixes and suffixes.
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T.09. Generate new words by adding appropriate prefixes and suffixes to base words.
U. Greek and Latin Roots
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U.01. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots to identify patterns.
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U.02. Use knowledge of Greek and Latin roots as clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.
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U.03. Use the meanings of known words as clues to deduce the meanings of common Greek and Latin roots.
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U.04. Determine the meanings of common Greek and Latin roots (e.g., “bio,” “tele,” “port”).
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U.05. Determine the meanings of words containing common Greek and Latin roots.
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U.06. Match words with Greek and Latin roots to their corresponding meanings.
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U.07. Analyze how the historical origins of words influence their current meanings.
V. Compound Words
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V.01. Form compound words by combining two or more words.
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V.02. Form and use compound words correctly in sentences.
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V.03. Distinguish between open, closed, and hyphenated compound words.
W. Categories
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W.01. Select members that belong to a given group or category.
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W.02. Identify words that do not belong within a given category.
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W.03. Create and define categories based on shared characteristics of words.
X. Synonyms and Antonyms
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X.01. Choose the best synonym for a given word.
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X.02. Identify which sentence has the same meaning as a given sentence using synonyms.
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X.03. Find synonyms for words used in context.
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X.04. Choose the best antonym for a given word.
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X.05. Identify which sentence uses an antonym correctly.
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X.06. Find antonyms for words used in context.
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X.07. Analyze how the use of synonyms and antonyms can affect the tone and style of writing.
Y. Homophones
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Y.01. Identify homophones using visual aids and pictures.
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Y.02. Recognize and identify homophones (words that sound alike but have different meanings and spellings).
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Y.03. Use the correct homophone in a sentence based on its meaning and context.
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Y.04. Explain the importance of correct spelling when using homophones.
Z. Multiple-Meaning Words
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Z.01. Determine which definition of a multiple-meaning word matches its usage in a given sentence.
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Z.02. Identify which sentence correctly uses a specific definition of a multiple-meaning word.
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Z.03. Explain how context clues help determine the intended meaning of multiple-meaning words.
AA. Shades of Meaning
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AA.01. Describe the subtle differences in meaning between related words (e.g., happy, joyful, ecstatic).
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AA.02. Distinguish between words with positive and negative connotations.
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AA.03. Use words with precise shades of meaning to convey specific emotions and ideas in writing.
BB. Context Clues
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BB.01. Identify unfamiliar words by using context clues within a sentence or passage.
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BB.02. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms found in context.
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BB.03. Use surrounding text to infer the meaning of an unfamiliar word.
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BB.04. Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with the aid of pictures.
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BB.05. Apply different types of context clues (e.g., definition, example, contrast) to understand unfamiliar words.
CC. Reference Skills
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CC.08. Use thesaurus entries to find synonyms and antonyms for words.
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CC.09. Evaluate the reliability and usefulness of different reference sources.
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CC.01. Order words alphabetically based on the first letter.
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CC.02. Order words alphabetically based on the first two letters.
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CC.03. Order words alphabetically based on the first three letters.
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CC.04. Order words alphabetically, including more challenging cases.
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CC.05. Use guide words to locate entries in a dictionary or other reference material.
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CC.06. Use dictionary entries to find definitions, pronunciations, and other information about words.
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CC.07. Use dictionary definitions to understand the meanings of words in context.
DD. Sentences, Fragments, and Run-ons
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DD.01. Identify sentences as declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory.
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DD.02. Identify the complete subject of a sentence.
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DD.03. Identify the complete predicate of a sentence.
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DD.04. Identify the simple subject or simple predicate of a sentence.
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DD.05. Distinguish between complete sentences and sentence fragments.
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DD.06. Distinguish between complete sentences and run-on sentences.
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DD.07. Identify complete sentences, sentence fragments, and run-on sentences.
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DD.08. Determine whether a sentence is simple or compound.
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DD.09. Order words to create a grammatically correct sentence.
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DD.10. Correct run-on sentences by separating them into complete sentences or using coordinating conjunctions.
EE. Nouns
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EE.01. Identify nouns in a sentence.
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EE.02. Recognize and identify abstract nouns.
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EE.03. Distinguish between common and proper nouns.
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EE.04. Form regular plural nouns using -s, -es, and -ies.
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EE.05. Use regular plural nouns correctly in sentences.
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EE.06. Form regular plural nouns using -s, -es, -ies, and -ves.
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EE.07. Use regular plural nouns correctly in sentences.
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EE.08. Determine whether a noun is singular or plural.
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EE.09. Form and use irregular plural nouns correctly.
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EE.10. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives.
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EE.11. Form the singular or plural possessive of a noun.
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EE.12. Identify and correct errors in the use of plural and possessive nouns.
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EE.13. Apply rules for forming and using plural and possessive nouns in writing.
FF. Pronouns
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FF.01. Identify personal pronouns (e.g., I, me, he, she, it, we, they, you).
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FF.02. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns (e.g., I vs. me, he vs. him).
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FF.03. Replace a noun with an appropriate personal pronoun.
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FF.04. Use ‘I’ and ‘me’ correctly in compound subjects and objects.
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FF.05. Identify possessive pronouns (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs).
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FF.06. Use possessive pronouns correctly in sentences.
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FF.07. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns (e.g., I vs. myself).
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FF.08. Use reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves) correctly.
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FF.09. Identify relative pronouns (e.g., who, whom, which, that, whose).
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FF.10. Use relative pronouns (who and whom) correctly.
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FF.11. Use relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, and that) correctly.
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FF.12. Differentiate between pronouns and adjectives, understanding their different functions.
GG. Verb Types
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GG.01. Use action verbs to describe actions.
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GG.02. Recognize and identify action verbs in sentences.
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GG.03. Identify main verbs and helping verbs in a verb phrase.
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GG.04. Explain the function of modal verbs (e.g., can, could, should, must).
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GG.05. Use the correct modal verb to express ability, permission, obligation, or possibility.
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GG.06. Distinguish between transitive and intransitive verbs.
HH. Subject-Verb Agreement
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HH.01. Determine whether the subject of a sentence is singular or plural.
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HH.02. Use the correct form of the verb to agree with a singular or plural subject.
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HH.03. Use the correct form of the verb to agree with a pronoun subject.
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HH.04. Use the correct form of the verb to agree with compound subjects.
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HH.05. Apply rules of subject-verb agreement even when words come between the subject and verb.
II. Verb Tense
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II.01. Recognize and identify verbs in the regular past tense.
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II.02. Identify sentences that are written in the regular past tense.
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II.03. Form and use the regular past tense of verbs correctly.
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II.04. Identify verbs in the irregular past tense.
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II.05. Form and use irregular past tense verbs correctly (set 1).
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II.06. Form and use irregular past tense verbs correctly (set 2).
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II.07. Form and use irregular past tense verbs correctly (set 3).
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II.08. Form and use irregular past tense verbs correctly (set 4).
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II.09. Use the correct form of the verb “to be” (am, is, are, was, were).
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II.10. Use the correct form of the verb “to have” (has, have, had).
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II.11. Determine whether a sentence is in the past, present, or future tense.
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II.12. Change a sentence from present or past tense to future tense.
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II.13. Use the progressive verb tenses (e.g., is walking, was walking, will be walking).
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II.14. Form the progressive verb tenses correctly.
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II.15. Choose between the past tense and past participle forms of verbs.
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II.16. Use the perfect verb tenses (e.g., has walked, had walked, will have walked).
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II.17. Form the perfect verb tenses correctly.
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II.18. Choose the appropriate verb tense to convey temporal relationships in writing.
JJ. Articles
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JJ.01. Use the correct article (a or an) before singular nouns.
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JJ.02. Use the correct article (a, an, or the) before singular and plural nouns.
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JJ.03. Identify articles (a, an, the) in a sentence.
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JJ.04. Distinguish between definite and indefinite articles and use them appropriately.
KK. Adjectives and Adverbs
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KK.01. Identify whether an adjective describes what kind or how many.
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KK.02. Identify the adjective that describes a given noun.
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KK.03. Identify adjectives in a sentence.
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KK.04. Order adjectives correctly according to standard English usage.
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KK.05. Identify whether an adverb tells how, when, or where.
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KK.06. Identify adverbs in a sentence.
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KK.07. Use relative adverbs (e.g., where, when, why) to connect clauses.
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KK.08. Choose between using an adjective or an adverb in a sentence.
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KK.09. Determine whether a given word is functioning as an adjective or an adverb.
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KK.10. Use adjectives to compare two or more things (comparative and superlative forms).
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KK.11. Spell adjectives correctly when forming comparative and superlative forms.
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KK.12. Use adjectives with “more” and “most” to form comparative and superlative forms.
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KK.13. Use adverbs to compare two or more actions.
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KK.14. Differentiate between comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs.
LL. Prepositions
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LL.01. Identify prepositions in a sentence.
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LL.02. Identify prepositions and their objects.
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LL.03. Identify prepositional phrases in a sentence.
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LL.04. Review and consolidate understanding of prepositions.
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LL.05. Explain the function of prepositions in indicating spatial, temporal, and other relationships.
MM. Conjunctions
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MM.01. Identify coordinating conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so, for, nor, yet).
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MM.02. Identify subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, if, when, since).
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MM.03. Use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions to connect ideas effectively.
NN. Contractions
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NN.01. Identify and use pronoun-verb contractions (e.g., I’m, you’re, he’s, she’s, it’s, we’re, they’re).
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NN.02. Identify and use contractions with “not” (e.g., isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t, doesn’t, don’t, didn’t, won’t, can’t, couldn’t, shouldn’t, wouldn’t).
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NN.03. Explain the difference between contractions and possessive pronouns (e.g., its vs. it’s, your vs. you’re, their vs. they’re).
OO. Commas
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OO.01. Use commas correctly with direct addresses and after introductory words.
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OO.02. Use commas to separate items in a list.
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OO.03. Use commas to separate independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions.
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OO.04. Use commas to set off nonessential information in a sentence.
PP. Capitalisation
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PP.01. Capitalize the names of people, pets, and titles of respect.
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PP.02. Capitalize days of the week, months of the year, and holidays.
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PP.03. Capitalize the names of places and geographic features.
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PP.04. Capitalize proper adjectives, nationalities, and languages.
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PP.05. Apply capitalization rules consistently in writing.
QQ. Formatting
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QQ.01. Use appropriate greetings and closings in letters.
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QQ.02. Capitalize titles of books, articles, and other works.
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QQ.03. Format titles of books, articles, and other works correctly (e.g., using quotation marks or italics).
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QQ.04. Format and capitalize titles appropriately.
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QQ.05. Apply different formatting styles (e.g., bold, italics, underlining) to enhance the clarity and readability of text.
