Course Content
A. Short and Long Vowels
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A.01. Recognize and produce rhyming words to solve riddles
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A.02. Identify spelling patterns that distinguish between long and short vowel sounds
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A.03. Spell words following long a patterns (silent e, ai, ay, ea, ey, eigh)
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A.04. Spell words following long e patterns (silent e, ee, ea, ie)
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A.05. Spell words following long i patterns (silent e, ie, y, igh, ind, ild)
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A.06. Spell words following long o patterns (silent e, oa, ow, old, ost, olt)
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A.07. Spell words following long u patterns (silent e, ue, oo, ew, ui)
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A.08. Differentiate between words with similar spellings but different vowel sounds
B. Blends
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B.01. Recognize and complete words containing three-letter consonant blends
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B.02. Discriminate between different three-letter blends (e.g., str, spl, spr)
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B.03. Use three-letter consonant blends in writing to accurately represent sounds
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B.04. Identify and correct errors in spelling that involve three-letter consonant blends
C. Multisyllabic Words
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C.01. Segment multisyllabic words into syllables to aid in pronunciation and spelling
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C.02. Spell words with open and closed syllables, understanding their effect on vowel sounds
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C.03. Spell consonant-l-e words accurately
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C.04. Apply knowledge of syllable types to decode unfamiliar multisyllabic words
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C.05. Create multisyllabic words using prefixes and suffixes
D. Diphthongs and R-Controlled Vowels
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D.01. Pronounce words with vowel diphthong patterns accurately
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D.02. Spell words with vowel diphthong patterns correctly
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D.03. Pronounce words with r-controlled vowel patterns accurately
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D.04. Spell words with r-controlled vowel patterns correctly
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D.05. Differentiate between various diphthong and r-controlled vowel sounds
E. Irregular Words
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E.01. Recognize and spell common sight words (irregular words)
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E.02. Use sight words in sentences accurately
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E.03. Identify irregular words in context
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E.04. Expand vocabulary of irregular words
F. Main Idea
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F.01. Identify key details within a text
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F.02. Use key details to determine the main idea of a paragraph
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F.03. Determine the main idea of a passage
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F.04. Summarize a passage by stating the main idea in your own words
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F.05. Compare and contrast main ideas across multiple texts on similar topics
G. Theme
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G.01. Define what a theme is in a story
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G.02. Recognize common themes in literature
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G.03. Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales
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G.04. Compare and contrast themes across different myths, fables, and folktales
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G.05. Analyze how specific events and characters contribute to the development of a theme
H. Author’s Purpose
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H.01. Recognize the author’s intention or objective in writing a text
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H.02. Identify the author’s purpose in mixed media formats
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H.03. Identify the author’s purpose in written passages
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H.04. Distinguish between different author’s purposes (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain)
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H.05. Evaluate how an author’s purpose influences their writing style and choices
I. Text Structure
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I.01. Recognize and describe different types of text structure
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I.02. Determine the order of events in informational texts
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I.03. Compare and contrast information presented in informational texts
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I.04. Match causes with effects described in a text
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I.05. Identify cause-and-effect relationships in informational texts
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I.06. Match problems with their solutions as presented in a text
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I.07. Identify the text structure used in a passage (e.g., sequence, comparison, cause/effect, problem/solution)
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I.08. Analyze how the text structure contributes to the author’s purpose
J. Sensory Details
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J.01. Recognize the five senses and the type of details that relate to them
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J.02. Identify sensory details in a text
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J.03. Sort sensory details by sense (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch)
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J.04. Explain how sensory details enhance a reader’s understanding and experience of a text
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J.05. Use sensory details in your own writing to create vivid imagery
K. Literary Devices
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K.01. Recognize common literary devices such as similes, metaphors, and personification
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K.02. Define what a simile is and how it compares two things
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K.03. Determine the meanings of similes
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K.04. Identify and interpret literary devices within a given text
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K.05. Analyze the effect of literary devices on the tone and meaning of a text
L. Point of View
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L.01. Define point of view in literature
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L.02. Distinguish between first-person, second-person, and third-person points of view
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L.03. Distinguish points of view in a text
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L.04. Explain how the point of view affects the reader’s understanding of the story
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L.05. Rewrite a passage from a different point of view
M. Inference
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M.01. Define inference as reading between the lines
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M.02. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters
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M.03. Draw inferences from a text, using textual evidence to support your conclusions
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M.04. Make predictions about a story based on information presented in the text
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M.05. Synthesize information from different parts of a text to make deeper inferences
N. Story Elements
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N.01. Identify the key elements of a story (e.g., characters, setting, plot, conflict, resolution)
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N.02. Define the role of each element in a story
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N.03. Identify story elements
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N.04. Analyze how different story elements work together to create a cohesive narrative
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N.05. Evaluate the effectiveness of the author’s use of story elements
O. Visual Elements
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O.01. Recognize different types of visual elements (e.g., illustrations, photographs, diagrams)
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O.02. Identify visual elements within a text
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O.03. Compare mythological illustrations
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O.04. Explain how visual elements contribute to the meaning and understanding of a text
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O.05. Analyze the relationship between visual elements and written text
P. Literary Texts: Level 1
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P.01. Read and understand a variety of literary genres
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P.02. Read fantasy texts with illustrations
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P.03. Read historical fiction texts with illustrations
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P.04. Read science fiction texts with illustrations
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P.05. Read realistic fiction texts with illustrations
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P.06. Identify the key characteristics of each genre
Q. Literary Texts: Level 2
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Q.01. Read and interpret more complex literary texts
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Q.02. Read realistic fiction: set 1
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Q.03. Read realistic fiction: set 2
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Q.04. Read and analyze poetry, identifying poetic devices and themes
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Q.05. Compare and contrast different literary texts
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Q.06. Write responses to literary texts, expressing your own interpretations and opinions
R. Informational Texts: Level 1
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R.01. Read and comprehend informational texts on a variety of topics
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R.02. Read about animals and understand basic facts
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R.03. Read about food, learning where it comes from and its nutritional value
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R.04. Read about art, music, and traditions from different cultures
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R.05. Read about sports and hobbies, learning rules and history
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R.06. Identify the main idea and supporting details in informational texts
S. Informational Texts: Level 2
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S.03. Read about famous places around the world and their significance
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S.04. Read about business and technology innovations
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S.05. Read about science and nature concepts and discoveries
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S.06. Evaluate the credibility and accuracy of information presented in informational texts
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S.01. Read and comprehend more complex informational texts
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S.02. Read about famous people and their accomplishments
T. Organising Writing
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T.01. Recognize the importance of organization in writing
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T.02. Put the sentences in order to create a logical paragraph
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T.03. Order items from most general to most specific to create an outline
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T.04. Organise information by topic to create a clear and focused essay
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T.05. Create outlines and graphic organizers to plan your writing
U. Topic Sentences
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U.01. Recognize the purpose of a topic sentence in a paragraph
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U.02. Choose appropriate topic sentences for narrative paragraphs
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U.03. Choose appropriate topic sentences for expository paragraphs
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U.04. Write effective topic sentences that clearly state the main idea of a paragraph
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U.05. Evaluate the effectiveness of topic sentences in conveying the main idea
V. Writer’s Purpose
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V.01. Determine the goal or objective of a writer in a given text
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V.02. Choose the text that matches the writer’s purpose
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V.03. Differentiate between various writer’s purposes (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain, express)
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V.04. Analyze how a writer’s purpose influences their writing style and choices
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V.05. Explain how to tailor your writing style to achieve a specific purpose
W. Linking Words
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W.01. Recognize and use linking words to connect ideas in writing
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W.02. Identify time-order words that indicate sequence
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W.03. Use time-order words to create a clear timeline
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W.04. Use coordinating conjunctions to join independent clauses
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W.05. Use subordinating conjunctions to create complex sentences
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W.06. Choose the best transition word to show relationships between ideas
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W.07. Combine sentences effectively using conjunctions and transition words
X. Opinion Writing
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X.01. Distinguish facts from opinions in a text
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X.02. Identify an author’s statement of opinion and supporting evidence
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X.03. Choose reasons to support an opinion
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X.04. Complete the opinion passage with an example
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X.05. Complete the opinion passage with a reason
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X.06. Complete the opinion-reason-example table
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X.07. Write persuasive arguments that include clear opinions, supporting reasons, and relevant examples
Y. Descriptive Details
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Y.01. Add descriptive details to sentences to make them more vivid
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Y.02. Show character emotions and traits through descriptive language
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Y.03. Revise the sentence using a stronger verb to enhance impact
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Y.04. Use figurative language to create imagery and enhance description
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Y.05. Use descriptive language to create a specific mood or atmosphere in your writing
Z. Prefixes and Suffixes
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Z.01. Identify base words, prefixes and suffixes in a word
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Z.02. Determine the meaning of a word with pre-, re- or mis-
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Z.03. Use the prefixes pre-, re- and mis- correctly in writing
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Z.04. Determine the meaning of a word with -ful or -less
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Z.05. Determine the meaning of a word with -ly or -ness
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Z.06. Determine the meaning of a word with -able or -ment
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Z.07. Determine the meaning of a word with a suffix: review
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Z.08. Determine the meanings of words with prefixes and suffixes: review
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Z.09. Create new words by adding prefixes and suffixes to existing words
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Z.10. Analyze how prefixes and suffixes can change a word’s part of speech
AA. Greek and Latin Roots
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AA.01. Recognize the influence of Greek and Latin roots on the English language
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AA.02. Learn common Greek and Latin roots and their meanings
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AA.03. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
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AA.04. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
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AA.05. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
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AA.06. Build vocabulary by learning and applying Greek and Latin roots
BB. Compound Words
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BB.01. Understand the structure of compound words
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BB.02. Form compound words by combining two or more words
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BB.03. Form compound words
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BB.04. Form and use compound words in sentences
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BB.05. Identify compound words in context and explain their meanings
CC. Categories
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CC.01. Recognize and define different categories of words
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CC.02. Select the members of a group that belong to a specific category
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CC.03. Select the words that don’t belong in a given category
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CC.04. Create categories based on shared characteristics or attributes
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CC.05. Analyze the relationships between different categories of words
DD. Synonyms and Antonyms
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DD.01. Define synonyms and antonyms
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DD.02. Choose the synonym for a given word
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DD.03. Which sentence has the same meaning as another sentence, using synonyms?
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DD.04. Find synonyms in context within a passage
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DD.05. Choose the antonym for a given word
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DD.06. Which sentence uses an antonym of a word?
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DD.07. Find antonyms in context within a passage
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DD.08. Use synonyms and antonyms to enhance writing and expand vocabulary
EE. Homophones
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EE.01. Define homophones and understand how they differ from homographs
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EE.02. Identify homophones using pictures
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EE.03. Identify homophones in written text
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EE.04. Use the correct homophone in a sentence
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EE.05. Explain how homophones can sometimes create confusion in writing
FF. Multiple-Meaning Words
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FF.01. Understand that words can have more than one meaning
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FF.02. Which definition matches the sentence that uses the word?
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FF.03. Which sentence matches the definition of the word?
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FF.04. Use context clues to determine the correct meaning of a multiple-meaning word
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FF.05. Explain how multiple-meaning words can create humor or wordplay
GG. Shades of Meaning
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GG.01. Understand that words can have slightly different meanings and connotations
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GG.02. Describe the difference between related words with similar meanings
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GG.03. Distinguish between words with positive and negative connotation
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GG.04. Analyze how the choice of words can affect the tone and impact of writing
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GG.05. Use words with appropriate shades of meaning to convey precise ideas
HH. Idioms
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HH.01. Understand what idioms are and how they differ from literal language
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HH.02. Choose the picture that matches the idiomatic expression
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HH.03. Interpret the meaning of common idioms
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HH.04. Use idioms appropriately in speaking and writing
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HH.05. Explain the cultural origins of certain idioms
II. Context Clues
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II.01. Understand how context can help determine the meaning of unfamiliar words
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II.02. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
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II.03. Use context to identify the meaning of a word in a sentence
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II.04. Analyze how different types of context clues can be used to infer meaning
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II.05. Apply context clues to expand vocabulary and improve reading comprehension
JJ. Reference Skills
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JJ.01. Understand the purpose and use of various reference materials, such as dictionaries and thesauruses
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JJ.02. Order words alphabetically based on the first letter
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JJ.03. Order words alphabetically based on the first two letters
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JJ.04. Order words alphabetically based on the first three letters
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JJ.05. Order alphabetically: challenge by ordering by the fourth, fifth, or sixth letter.
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JJ.06. Use guide words in a dictionary to locate specific entries
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JJ.07. Use dictionary entries to find definitions, pronunciations, and parts of speech
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JJ.08. Use dictionary definitions to understand the meaning of words in context
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JJ.09. Practice dictionary skills
KK. Sentences, Fragments and Run-Ons
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KK.01. Define the essential components of a complete sentence
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KK.02. Identify the complete subject of a sentence
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KK.03. Identify the complete predicate of a sentence
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KK.04. Identify the simple subject or predicate of a sentence
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KK.05. Distinguish between different types of sentences: statement, question, command, or exclamation
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KK.06. Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
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KK.07. Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
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KK.08. Is it a complete sentence, a fragment or a run-on?
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KK.09. Is the sentence simple or compound?
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KK.10. Order the words to create a sentence
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KK.11. Correct run-on sentences by separating them into multiple sentences or using conjunctions
LL. Nouns
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LL.03. Identify nouns in a sentence
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LL.04. Identify nouns – with abstract nouns
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LL.05. Identify common and proper nouns
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LL.06. Form regular plurals with -s, -es and -ies
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LL.07. Use regular plurals with -s, -es and -ies
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LL.08. Is the noun singular or plural?
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LL.09. Form and use irregular plurals
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LL.10. Identify plurals, singular possessives and plural possessives
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LL.11. Form the singular or plural possessive of nouns
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LL.12. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns in sentences
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LL.13. Demonstrate the use of nouns in writing
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LL.14. Use singular, plural, and possessive nouns correctly in writing
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LL.01. Define nouns and identify their function in sentences
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LL.02. Which word is a noun in a sentence?
MM. Pronouns
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MM.01. Understand the role of pronouns in replacing nouns
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MM.02. Identify personal pronouns in sentences
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MM.03. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns
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MM.04. Replace the noun with a personal pronoun
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MM.05. Compound subjects and objects with ‘I’ and ‘me’ correctly
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MM.06. Identify possessive pronouns in sentences
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MM.07. Use possessive pronouns correctly in writing
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MM.08. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
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MM.09. Use reflexive pronouns correctly in writing
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MM.10. Distinguish between various types of pronouns (e.g., personal, possessive, reflexive, indefinite)
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MM.11. Demonstrate correct pronoun-antecedent agreement
NN. Verb Types
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NN.01. Understand the different types of verbs and their functions
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NN.02. Use action verbs to describe actions
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NN.03. Identify action verbs in sentences
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NN.04. Identify main verbs and helping verbs in sentences
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NN.05. Create sentences using a variety of verb types
OO. Subject-Verb Agreement
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OO.01. Understand the concept of subject-verb agreement
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OO.02. Is the subject singular or plural in a sentence?
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OO.03. Use the correct subject or verb form to agree in sentences
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OO.04. Ensure correct pronoun-verb agreement in sentences
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OO.05. Identify and correct errors in subject-verb agreement in writing
PP. Verb Tense
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PP.01. Identify the tense of a verb and understand its relationship to time
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PP.02. Which sentence is in the regular past tense?
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PP.03. Identify verbs in the regular past tense in a sentence
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PP.04. Form and use the regular past tense of verbs correctly
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PP.05. Identify the irregular past tense I in a sentence
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PP.06. Identify the irregular past tense II in a sentence
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PP.07. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 1
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PP.08. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 2
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PP.09. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 3
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PP.10. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 4
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PP.11. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 5
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PP.12. To be: use the correct form in a sentence
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PP.13. To have: use the correct form in a sentence
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PP.14. Is the sentence in the past, present or future tense?
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PP.15. Change the sentence to future tense
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PP.16. Use past, present, and future verb tenses correctly in writing
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PP.17. Maintain consistent verb tense throughout a piece of writing
QQ. Articles
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QQ.01. Understand the purpose of articles and how they specify nouns
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QQ.02. Use the correct article: a or an
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QQ.03. Use the correct article: a, an or the
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QQ.04. Identify articles in sentences
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QQ.05. Demonstrate the correct use of articles in writing
RR. Adjectives and Adverbs
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RR.01. Understand the function of adjectives in describing nouns
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RR.02. Does the adjective tell you what kind or how many?
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RR.03. Identify the adjective that describes the noun
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RR.04. Identify adjectives in sentences
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RR.05. Understand the function of adverbs in modifying verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
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RR.06. Does the adverb tell you how, when or where an action occurs?
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RR.07. Identify adverbs in sentences
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RR.08. Choose between adjectives and adverbs based on their function
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RR.09. Is the word an adjective or adverb?
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RR.10. Use adjectives to compare nouns
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RR.11. Spell adjectives that compare
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RR.12. Use adverbs to compare actions
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RR.13. Identify and correct errors in adjective and adverb usage
SS. Prepositions
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SS.01. Understand the function of prepositions in showing relationships between words
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SS.02. Identify prepositions in sentences
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SS.03. Identify prepositions and their objects
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SS.04. Identify prepositional phrases in sentences
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SS.05. Prepositions: review
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SS.06. Demonstrate correct usage of prepositions in writing
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SS.07. Differentiate between commonly confused prepositions
TT. Conjunctions
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TT.01. Understand the role of conjunctions in connecting words, phrases, and clauses
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TT.02. Identify coordinating conjunctions in sentences
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TT.03. Identify subordinating conjunctions in sentences
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TT.04. Construct compound and complex sentences using coordinating and subordinating conjunctions
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TT.05. Use conjunctions to create clear and logical connections between ideas
UU. Contractions
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UU.01. Understand how contractions combine two words into one
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UU.02. Pronoun-verb contractions
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UU.03. Contractions with ‘not’
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UU.04. Identify contractions in sentences
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UU.05. Use contractions appropriately in writing
VV. Commas
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VV.01. Understand the rules for using commas in different contexts
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VV.02. Commas with direct addresses and after introductory words
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VV.03. Use commas correctly in lists, compound sentences, and with introductory elements
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VV.04. Avoid common comma splices and comma errors
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VV.05. Use commas to improve clarity and readability in writing
WW. Capitalisation
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WW.01. Understand the rules for capitalization in English
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WW.02. Capitalising the names of people and pets and titles of respect
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WW.03. Capitalising days, months and holidays
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WW.04. Capitalising the names of places and geographic features
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WW.05. Apply capitalization rules consistently in writing
XX. Formatting
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XX.01. Understand the basic conventions of formatting in written communication
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XX.02. Greetings and closings of letters
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XX.03. Capitalising titles of books, movies, and other works
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XX.04. Formatting titles
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XX.05. Formatting and capitalising titles
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XX.06. Apply correct formatting to headings, paragraphs, and lists
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XX.07. Use different fonts and styles effectively
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XX.08. Explain how formatting can impact the readability and appearance of a document
