Course Content
P. Topic and Purpose
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P.01. Understand and identify the main topic and purpose of a text.
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P.02. Identify the purpose of a given text (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain)
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P.03. Determine the main topic of a paragraph or passage
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P.04. Differentiate between the main topic and supporting details
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P.05. Summarize the purpose and topic of a text in a concise statement
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P.06. Analyze how the author’s choice of words contributes to the text’s purpose
UU. Contractions
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UU.01. Form and use contractions correctly.
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UU.02. Form contractions by combining pronouns and verbs
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UU.03. Form contractions by combining verbs and “not”
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UU.04. Use pronoun-verb contractions in sentences
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UU.05. Use contractions with “not” in sentences
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UU.06. Use contractions appropriately within sentences
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UU.07. Explain how contractions combine two words into one
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UU.08. Differentiate between contractions and possessive pronouns that sound similar (e.g., its vs. it’s)
II. Idioms
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II.01. Understand and interpret idiomatic expressions.
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II.02. Choose the picture that best represents the meaning of an idiomatic expression
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II.03. Explain the meaning of a given idiom in simple terms
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II.04. Use idioms correctly in sentences to convey specific meanings
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II.05. Identify idioms within a passage of text
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II.06. Analyze the cultural context of common idioms
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II.07. Create original sentences using idioms to enhance expression
Q. Inference and Analysis
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Q.01. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters’ motivations and feelings
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Q.02. Draw inferences about characters and events based on textual evidence
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Q.03. Analyze stories to identify themes and underlying messages
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Q.04. Support interpretations of a text with specific examples
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Q.05. Compare and contrast different interpretations of the same text
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Q.06. Evaluate the effectiveness of an author’s writing style
A. Syllables
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A.01. Identify and count the number of syllables in a given word
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A.02. Sort words based on their number of syllables
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A.03. Divide multi-syllable words into their constituent syllables
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A.04. Understand how syllable division affects pronunciation
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A.05. Create new words by combining syllables
VV. Capitalisation
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VV.01. Apply capitalization rules correctly in writing.
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VV.02. Capitalize the names of people and pets
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VV.03. Capitalize days of the week, months of the year, and holidays
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VV.04. Capitalize the names of places and geographic features
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VV.05. Capitalize titles of books, movies, and other works
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VV.06. Capitalize greetings and closings of letters
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VV.07. Explain the purpose of capitalization in writing
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VV.08. Identify and correct capitalization errors in sentences
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VV.09. Apply capitalization rules consistently in written work
JJ. Context Clues
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JJ.01. Use context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
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JJ.02. Use surrounding text to identify the meaning of a word
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JJ.03. Identify different types of context clues (e.g., definition, example, contrast)
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JJ.04. Explain how context clues can aid in vocabulary development
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JJ.05. Use context clues to infer the meaning of idioms and figurative language
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JJ.06. Analyze how context clues contribute to overall comprehension
R. Theme
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R.01. Determine the themes present in myths, fables, and folktales
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R.02. Identify recurring themes across different stories
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R.03. Explain how characters and events contribute to the development of a theme
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R.04. Compare and contrast the themes of different genres of literature
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R.05. Articulate personal connections to universal themes in literature
B. Rhyming
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B.01. Recognize and identify rhyming words
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B.02. Select the picture that rhymes with a given word
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B.03. Identify words that do not rhyme within a set
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B.04. Complete rhymes by choosing appropriate rhyming words
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B.05. Complete poems by selecting words that rhyme and fit contextually
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B.06. Solve riddles by spelling rhyming words
KK. Reference Skills
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KK.01. Develop and apply reference skills, including alphabetization and using guide words.
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KK.02. Order words alphabetically based on the first letter
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KK.03. Order words alphabetically based on the first two letters
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KK.04. Order words alphabetically based on the first three letters
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KK.05. Use guide words to locate entries in a dictionary or encyclopedia
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KK.06. Interpret information presented in dictionary entries, including definitions, pronunciations, and parts of speech
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KK.07. Apply reference skills to research and gather information effectively
S. Cause and Effect
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S.01. Understand and identify cause-and-effect relationships.
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S.02. Match each effect to its corresponding cause
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S.03. Match each cause to its resulting effect
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S.04. Identify cause-and-effect relationships within a narrative
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S.05. Predict potential effects based on given causes
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S.06. Analyze complex cause-and-effect chains in real-world scenarios
C. Short Vowels
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C.01. Identify and pronounce short vowel sounds
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C.02. Complete words by selecting the correct short vowel
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C.03. Spell words containing short ‘a’ sounds
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C.04. Spell words containing short ‘e’ sounds
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C.05. Spell words containing short ‘i’ sounds
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C.06. Spell words containing short ‘o’ sounds
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C.07. Spell words containing short ‘u’ sounds
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C.08. Discriminate between different short vowel sounds in similar words
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C.09. Create simple sentences using words with short vowel sounds
T. Compare and Contrast
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T.01. Analyze similarities and differences between subjects.
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T.02. Compare and contrast information presented in informational passages
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T.03. Identify the points of comparison and contrast in a text
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T.04. Organize information using compare-and-contrast graphic organizers
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T.05. Draw conclusions based on similarities and differences
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T.06. Evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of different subjects
LL. Sentences, Fragments, and Run-ons
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LL.01. Distinguish between complete sentences, fragments, and run-on sentences.
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LL.02. Identify whether a sentence is a statement, question, command, or exclamation
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LL.03. Identify the subject of a sentence
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LL.04. Identify the predicate of a sentence
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LL.05. Determine if a given group of words is a complete sentence or a fragment
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LL.06. Determine if a given group of words is a complete sentence or a run-on
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LL.07. Identify whether a group of words is a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on
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LL.08. Unscramble words to form a complete sentence
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LL.09. Correct fragments by adding missing subjects or predicates
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LL.10. Correct run-on sentences by separating them into complete sentences or using conjunctions
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LL.11. Explain the essential components of a complete sentence
D. Consonant Blends and Digraphs
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D.01. Recognize and pronounce common consonant blends and digraphs
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D.02. Complete words by selecting the correct initial consonant blend
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D.03. Complete words by selecting the correct final consonant blend
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D.04. Spell words containing consonant blends
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D.05. Complete words using the correct digraph: ch, sh, th
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D.06. Complete words using the correct digraph: ph, qu, wh
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D.07. Spell digraph words: ch, sh, th
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D.08. Spell digraph words: ph, qu, wh
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D.09. Sort words by their initial consonant blend or digraph
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D.10. Complete words with three-letter consonant blends
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D.11. Complete sentences using words with three-letter consonant blends
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D.12. Complete words containing silent letters
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D.13. Identify and pronounce words with silent letters
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D.14. Analyze how silent letters affect the pronunciation of words
U. Informational Texts
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U.01. Comprehend and analyze informational passages.
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U.02. Read and understand informational passages on various topics
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U.03. Identify the main idea and supporting details in an informational text
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U.04. Summarize the key information presented in an informational text
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U.05. Evaluate the credibility and reliability of sources of information
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U.06. Synthesize information from multiple sources to form a comprehensive understanding
MM. Nouns
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MM.01. Understand and identify nouns, including common, proper, singular, and plural forms.
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MM.02. Select the nouns from a list of words
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MM.03. Identify which word in a sentence is a noun
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MM.04. Identify all nouns in a given sentence
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MM.05. Sort nouns into common and proper categories
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MM.06. Identify common and proper nouns in a passage
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MM.07. Form regular plural nouns by adding -s or -es
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MM.08. Use regular plural nouns correctly in sentences
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MM.09. Use both singular and plural nouns appropriately in writing
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MM.10. Determine whether a given noun is singular or plural
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MM.11. Form and use irregular plural nouns correctly
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MM.12. Identify plural nouns, singular possessive nouns, and plural possessive nouns
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MM.13. Form the singular or plural possessive form of a noun
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MM.14. Identify and correct errors in the use of plural and possessive nouns
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MM.15. Explain the different types of nouns and their functions in sentences
V. Organising Writing
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V.01. Arrange sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph
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V.02. Put the sentences in order to create a clear and meaningful text
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V.03. Organize paragraphs to create a well-structured essay
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V.04. Develop an outline to plan and structure written pieces effectively
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V.05. Use transitions to connect ideas smoothly and logically
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V.06. Evaluate the effectiveness of different organizational strategies in writing
E. Silent ‘e’
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E.01. Recognize the effect of silent ‘e’ on vowel sounds
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E.02. Choose the silent ‘e’ word that matches a given picture
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E.03. Complete words by adding the silent ‘e’
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E.04. Spell words containing a silent ‘e’
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E.05. Differentiate between words with and without a silent ‘e’
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E.06. Explain the rule of silent ‘e’ in making vowels long
W. Topic Sentences
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W.01. Understand the purpose and function of topic sentences in paragraphs
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W.02. Choose effective topic sentences for narrative paragraphs
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W.03. Choose effective topic sentences for expository paragraphs
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W.04. Write original topic sentences that clearly state the main idea of a paragraph
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W.05. Evaluate the effectiveness of different topic sentences in conveying a main idea
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W.06. Revise paragraphs to improve the clarity and focus of their topic sentences
F. Vowel Digraphs
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F.01. Recognize common vowel digraphs and their sounds
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F.02. Choose the picture that matches a given vowel digraph word
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F.03. Complete vowel digraph words
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F.04. Complete words by selecting the correct vowel digraph
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F.05. Choose the sentence containing a vowel digraph that matches a picture
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F.06. Construct sentences using words with vowel digraphs
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F.07. Compare and contrast the sounds of different vowel digraphs
X. Linking Words
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X.01. Understand and use linking words to connect ideas in writing.
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X.02. Use conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and clauses
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X.03. Use subordinating conjunctions to show relationships between ideas
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X.04. Identify time-order words that indicate sequence
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X.05. Use time-order words to create chronological narratives
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X.06. Use a variety of linking words to enhance the flow of writing
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X.07. Analyze how linking words contribute to the coherence of a text
NN. Pronouns
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NN.01. Understand and correctly use personal, possessive, and reflexive pronouns.
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NN.02. Identify personal pronouns in sentences
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NN.03. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns
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NN.04. Replace singular nouns with appropriate personal pronouns
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NN.05. Replace plural nouns with appropriate personal pronouns
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NN.06. Use compound subjects and objects correctly with ‘I’ and ‘me’
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NN.07. Choose the correct personal pronoun to complete a sentence
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NN.08. Identify possessive pronouns in sentences
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NN.09. Use possessive pronouns correctly in writing
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NN.10. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
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NN.11. Use reflexive pronouns correctly in sentences
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NN.12. Explain the different types of pronouns and their functions
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NN.13. Avoid common pronoun errors, such as incorrect pronoun case or unclear pronoun reference
G. Short and Long Vowel Patterns
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G.01. Differentiate between short and long vowel sounds in words.
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G.02. Sort words based on whether they have short or long vowel sounds.
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G.03. Match short ‘a’ and long ‘a’ words to corresponding pictures
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G.04. Match short ‘e’ and long ‘e’ words to corresponding pictures
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G.05. Choose the short ‘i’ or long ‘i’ word that matches a picture
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G.06. Choose the short ‘o’ or long ‘o’ word that matches a picture
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G.07. Choose the short ‘u’ or long ‘u’ word that matches a picture
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G.08. Use spelling patterns to sort long and short vowel words
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G.09. Identify whether a syllable is open or closed
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G.10. Spell words with open and closed syllables
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G.11. Complete sentences with the correct -ild, -ind, -old, -olt, or -ost word
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G.12. Explain how open and closed syllables influence vowel sounds
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G.13. Apply knowledge of vowel patterns to decode unfamiliar words
Y. Author’s Purpose
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Y.01. Understand the various purposes for which authors write.
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Y.02. Choose the type of text that aligns with a specific writer’s purpose (e.g., to persuade, to inform, to entertain)
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Y.03. Identify the author’s purpose in a given passage of text
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Y.04. Analyze how different writing techniques achieve different purposes
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Y.05. Evaluate the effectiveness of an author’s writing in achieving their stated purpose
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Y.06. Explain how understanding author’s purpose enhances comprehension
Z. Opinion Writing
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Z.01. Differentiate between facts and opinions.
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Z.02. Complete sentences with factual information or opinions
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Z.03. Complete opinion passages by adding relevant examples
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Z.04. Support opinions with logical reasons
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Z.05. Complete opinion passages by providing supporting reasons
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Z.06. Organize thoughts and evidence using an opinion-reason-example table
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Z.07. Write a persuasive paragraph that presents an opinion and supports it with evidence
OO. Verb Types
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OO.01. Identify and use action verbs and helping verbs correctly.
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OO.02. Use action verbs to describe actions
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OO.03. Identify action verbs in sentences
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OO.04. Identify helping verbs in sentences
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OO.05. Distinguish between action verbs and linking verbs
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OO.06. Create sentences using both action verbs and helping verbs
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OO.07. Explain the role of helping verbs in forming different verb tenses
H. Long Vowel Patterns
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H.01. Identify and spell words with long vowel sounds.
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H.02. Choose the words that contain a specific long vowel sound
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H.03. Spell long ‘a’ words using silent ‘e’, ai, or ay
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H.04. Spell long ‘e’ words using ee or ea
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H.05. Spell long ‘i’ words using silent ‘e’, ie, or y
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H.06. Spell long ‘o’ words using silent ‘e’, oa, or ow
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H.07. Spell long ‘u’ words using silent ‘e’, ue, oo, or ew
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H.08. Compare and contrast different spelling patterns for the same long vowel sound
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H.09. Apply long vowel patterns to reading and writing tasks
AA. Descriptive Details
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AA.01. Enhance writing by incorporating sensory details.
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AA.02. Choose sensory details that correspond to a given picture
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AA.03. Add descriptive details to sentences to make them more vivid
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AA.04. Revise sentences by replacing weak verbs with stronger, more descriptive ones
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AA.05. Use figurative language (e.g., similes, metaphors) to create imagery
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AA.06. Analyze how descriptive details contribute to the overall impact of a piece of writing
PP. Subject-Verb Agreement
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PP.01. Ensure that verbs agree in number with their subjects.
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PP.02. Determine whether a subject is singular or plural
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PP.03. Use the correct form of the verb based on the subject’s number
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PP.04. Choose the correct subject or verb to complete a sentence
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PP.05. Ensure that pronouns agree with their corresponding verbs
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PP.06. Correct errors in subject-verb agreement in sentences
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PP.07. Explain the rules of subject-verb agreement
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PP.08. Apply subject-verb agreement rules to complex sentence structures
BB. Prefixes and Suffixes
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BB.01. Understand and identify prefixes and suffixes in words.
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BB.02. Complete words by adding the correct ending (suffix) based on auditory cues
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BB.03. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes within a word
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BB.04. Determine the meaning of a word containing the prefixes pre-, re-, or mis-
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BB.05. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis- to create new words
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BB.06. Determine the meaning of a word containing the suffixes -ful or -less
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BB.07. Review and apply knowledge of various prefixes and suffixes
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BB.08. Analyze how prefixes and suffixes alter the meaning of base words
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BB.09. Use prefixes and suffixes to deduce the meanings of unfamiliar words
I. Diphthongs: oi, oy, ou, ow
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I.01. Recognize and pronounce diphthongs.
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I.02. Choose the diphthong word that corresponds to a picture
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I.03. Complete words by inserting the correct diphthong: oi, oy, ou, ow
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I.04. Choose the sentence featuring a diphthong that matches a picture
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I.05. Construct sentences using words with diphthongs
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I.06. Distinguish between different diphthong sounds in words
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I.07. Create new words using diphthongs and common consonant sounds
QQ. Verb Tense
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QQ.01. Understand and use various verb tenses (past, present, future) correctly.
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QQ.02. Identify sentences written in the regular past tense
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QQ.03. Identify verbs in the regular past tense
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QQ.04. Form and use the regular past tense of verbs
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QQ.05. Change sentences from present to future tense
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QQ.06. Identify irregular verbs in the past tense (Set I)
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QQ.07. Identify irregular verbs in the past tense (Set II)
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QQ.08. Form and use irregular verbs in the past tense (Set 1)
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QQ.09. Form and use irregular verbs in the past tense (Set 2)
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QQ.10. Form and use irregular verbs in the past tense (Set 3)
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QQ.11. Form and use irregular verbs in the past tense (Set 4)
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QQ.12. Match sentences using -ed and -ing verb forms to corresponding pictures
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QQ.13. Use the correct present tense form of the verb “to be”
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QQ.14. Use the correct past tense form of the verb “to be”
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QQ.15. Use the correct form of the verb “to be” in different contexts
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QQ.16. Use the correct form of the verb “to have” in different contexts
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QQ.17. Place sentences with irregular verbs on a timeline to show sequence
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QQ.18. Identify whether a sentence is in the past, present, or future tense
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QQ.19. Explain the purpose of different verb tenses and their effect on meaning
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QQ.20. Maintain consistent verb tense throughout a piece of writing
CC. Compound Words
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CC.01. Understand and form compound words by combining two or more words.
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CC.02. Form compound words from given pairs of words
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CC.03. Form and use compound words correctly in sentences
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CC.04. Identify compound words within a passage of text
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CC.05. Explain the meaning of compound words based on their component parts
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CC.06. Create original sentences using compound words
J. Variant Vowels
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J.01. Understand and identify variant vowel sounds.
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J.02. Complete words with variant vowels
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J.03. Identify which word in a set has a different vowel sound
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J.04. Distinguish between similar but distinct vowel sounds
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J.05. Analyze how different vowel sounds can alter word meanings
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J.06. Use context to determine the correct vowel sound in a word
DD. Categories
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DD.01. Classify words into appropriate categories based on shared characteristics.
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DD.02. Sort words into predefined categories
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DD.03. Identify the word that doesn’t belong in a given category
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DD.04. Explain the criteria used to classify words into different categories
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DD.05. Create original categories based on shared characteristics of words
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DD.06. Analyze how categorization helps to organize and understand vocabulary
K. Soft ‘g’ and ‘c’
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K.01. Differentiate between hard and soft ‘g’ and ‘c’ sounds
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K.02. Sort words into categories of hard ‘g’, soft ‘g’, hard ‘c’, and soft ‘c’
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K.03. Choose the soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’ word that matches a picture
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K.04. Select the sentence containing a soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’ word that matches a picture
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K.05. Spell words with soft ‘g’ or soft ‘c’ sounds
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K.06. Explain the rules that determine when ‘g’ and ‘c’ have soft sounds
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K.07. Apply knowledge of soft ‘g’ and ‘c’ to correctly pronounce new words
EE. Synonyms and Antonyms
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EE.01. Understand and identify synonyms and antonyms of words.
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EE.02. Choose the synonym of a given word
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EE.03. Find synonyms for words within a context
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EE.04. Choose the antonym of a given word
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EE.05. Identify which sentence uses an antonym correctly
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EE.06. Find antonyms for words within a context
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EE.07. Identify which sentence conveys the same meaning as a given sentence using synonyms
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EE.08. Explain how synonyms and antonyms can enhance writing and communication
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EE.09. Use synonyms and antonyms to rephrase sentences and improve clarity
RR. Articles
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RR.01. Use the definite and indefinite articles correctly.
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RR.02. Use the correct indefinite article: a or an
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RR.03. Identify articles (a, an, the) in sentences
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RR.04. Determine when to use the definite article “the”
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RR.05. Explain the difference between definite and indefinite articles
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RR.06. Correct errors in article usage in sentences
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RR.07. Apply knowledge of articles to improve clarity and precision in writing
L. Two-Syllable Words
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L.01. Understand and identify two-syllable words.
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L.02. Put two syllables together to create a word (easier combinations)
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L.03. Put two syllables together to create a word (harder combinations)
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L.04. Complete two-syllable words by filling in missing parts
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L.05. Complete sentences using appropriate two-syllable words
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L.06. Divide two-syllable words into their component syllables
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L.07. Pronounce two-syllable words correctly, emphasizing the appropriate syllables
SS. Adjectives and Adverbs
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SS.01. Identify and use adjectives and adverbs correctly to enhance writing.
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SS.02. Use adjectives to create sensory descriptions
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SS.03. Determine whether an adjective describes the kind or the quantity of a noun
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SS.04. Identify adjectives that describe nouns in sentences
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SS.05. Identify all adjectives in a given sentence
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SS.06. Identify comparative and superlative adjectives
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SS.07. Determine whether an adverb tells how, when, or where an action occurs
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SS.08. Identify adverbs in sentences
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SS.09. Choose between using an adjective or an adverb in a sentence
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SS.10. Determine if a given word is an adjective or an adverb
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SS.11. Explain the functions of adjectives and adverbs in describing nouns and verbs
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SS.12. Use comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs correctly
M. Consonant-l-e
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M.01. Understand and identify consonant-l-e syllable patterns.
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M.02. Complete consonant-l-e words by filling in the missing letters
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M.03. Choose the correct spelling of a consonant-l-e word from similar options
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M.04. Spell consonant-l-e words correctly
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M.05. Divide words containing consonant-l-e patterns into syllables
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M.06. Apply knowledge of consonant-l-e patterns to decode unfamiliar words
FF. Homophones
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FF.01. Understand and identify homophones.
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FF.02. Match homophones with corresponding pictures
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FF.03. Identify homophones from a set of words
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FF.04. Use the correct homophone in a sentence based on context
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FF.05. Explain the difference in meaning between different homophones
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FF.06. Create sentences using homophones to demonstrate their correct usage
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FF.07. Analyze how homophones can sometimes cause confusion in writing
N. Sight Words
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N.01. Recognize and spell common sight words.
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N.02. Choose the sight word that you hear spoken aloud
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N.03. Complete sentences using appropriate sight words
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N.04. Spell sight words correctly from memory
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N.05. Identify sight words within a passage of text
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N.06. Use sight words correctly in original sentences
GG. Multiple-Meaning Words
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GG.01. Understand that some words have more than one meaning.
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GG.02. Match multiple-meaning words with corresponding pictures illustrating different meanings
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GG.03. Identify the correct meaning of a multiple-meaning word based on context
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GG.04. Explain the different meanings of a given word
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GG.05. Create sentences using the same word to demonstrate its different meanings
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GG.06. Analyze how context clues can help determine the correct meaning of a multiple-meaning word
TT. Prepositions
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TT.06. Create sentences using a variety of prepositions to show different relationships
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TT.01. Understand and use prepositions to show relationships between words in a sentence.
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TT.02. Select the best preposition to match a picture
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TT.03. Select the best preposition to complete a sentence
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TT.04. Identify prepositions within sentences
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TT.05. Explain the different types of relationships that prepositions can express (e.g., location, direction, time)
O. Sequence
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O.01. Identify the correct order of events in a story
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O.02. Order events in a story to create a coherent narrative
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O.03. Determine the sequence of steps in a process
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O.04. Summarize a story or event by highlighting its key sequential elements
HH. Shades of Meaning
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HH.03. Describe the subtle differences in meaning between related words
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HH.04. Order related words based on the intensity or degree of their meaning
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HH.05. Explain how shades of meaning can add precision to writing
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HH.06. Use words with appropriate shades of meaning to convey specific nuances
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HH.01. Understand that words can have similar but slightly different meanings.
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HH.02. Find words with related meanings within a given text
